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Ecosystems and apps
Blockchain networks and apps: what they do, how to get started and what it costs to move funds. Explore networks and ZK platforms by their purpose.
Network type determines the card group. Additional labels show the job a ZK technology performs.
Layer 1 networks · L1
15Standalone blockchains and the apps built around them.
Zcash is a payments blockchain with its own coin, ZEC. Transfers within the same shielded pool keep the sender, recipient and amount private, while zero-knowledge proofs let the ne...
Monero is a payments network whose native coin is XMR. Its protocol conceals which funds were spent, who received them and how much was transferred. Wallets find incoming payments...
Bitcoin is a layer-one network secured through Proof of Work, with BTC as its native asset. A regular payment spends outputs from earlier transactions. Lightning uses payment chann...
Bittensor connects independent markets for digital work through the Subtensor blockchain. Subnets produce model responses, compute, storage or predictions. Their participants recei...
Sui is an independent blockchain with Move smart contracts. Its applications offer swaps, liquidity, lending and payments. SUI pays for standard transactions and participates in va...
BNB Smart Chain is an independent network for smart-contract applications. Users swap tokens, borrow against collateral and launch new coins. BNB pays for standard transactions and...
TRON is an independent network for transfers and smart contracts. USDT is issued here as a TRC-20 token; TRX participates in transaction payments, staking and voting for network re...
Monad is a Layer 1 for swaps, lending, token launches and perpetual trading. It runs Ethereum smart contracts with parallel execution. MON pays for transactions and participates in...
Hyperliquid is an independent Layer 1. HyperCore runs spot and perpetual order books, while HyperEVM runs EVM contracts. Both use HyperBFT consensus.
Ethereum is a smart-contract network with ETH as its native asset. Applications run on it, while layer-2 networks use Ethereum for verification and settlement.
TxFlow is a standalone L1 for trading applications. Spot, perpetual futures and prediction markets share settlement and market data; Probly provides prediction markets.
NEAR is a sharded network with named accounts and WebAssembly contracts. NEAR Intents connects it to other networks: solvers quote swaps and a NEAR contract verifies settlement.
GRAM (formerly Toncoin, TON) is the coin used for transfers, fees and staking on the TON blockchain. Its ecosystem includes wallets, exchanges and apps for Telegram collectible gif...
Solana is a network for transfers, token trading and applications. SOL pays for transactions and helps secure the network through staking.
Arc is a layer-1 blockchain from Circle, the issuer of USDC. Gas is paid in USDC, transactions become final in under a second, and the network is EVM-compatible. Circle names stabl...
Layer 2 networks · L2
7Networks built on top of a base blockchain.
- ZK scaling
Linea is an Ethereum Layer 2 using ZK proofs. EVM applications support token swaps, liquidity provision and borrowing. Transactions use ETH for gas; LINEA is linked to the ecosyste...
- ZK scaling
Starknet is a public Ethereum Layer 2. It executes transactions in Cairo outside Ethereum and publishes validity proofs and state updates to Ethereum. Confidential transfers use se...
Arbitrum One is an Ethereum Layer 2 for swaps, lending, perpetual futures and yield markets. Operations execute on One; data and results are submitted to Ethereum. ETH pays network...
RISE is an Ethereum layer 2 running EVM contracts. RISEx executes perpetual futures on the chain, while XLP supplies capital for its order book and liquidations.
Base is an Ethereum Layer 2 built by Coinbase. You can transfer USDC, swap tokens and use apps. Ordinary transactions need a wallet that supports Base and some ETH on Base for netw...
Robinhood Chain is an Ethereum Layer 2 built on Arbitrum Dedicated Blockchains. It runs Arbitrum Nitro, posts transaction data to Ethereum as blobs and takes gas in ETH. The public...
Ink is an Ethereum layer 2 built on the OP Stack and launched by Kraken. Its own documentation calls it “an Ethereum OP Stack layer 2 blockchain designed to be the house of DeFi fo...
Sidechains
1Networks with their own validators and bridges to a base chain.
Network families
1Ecosystems that bring together several related networks.
Apps and platforms
22Services with their own products, assets and operating rules.
Circle issues USDC and EURC through its regulated affiliates and builds services for moving those assets. Individuals use the stablecoins through wallets, exchanges and apps; busin...
LayerZero carries messages between applications on different blockchains. Those messages can move a token balance, trigger a contract action or return data from another chain. Star...
ether.fi brings ETH staking, automated vaults and a payment account together. Stake ETH for eETH or weETH, stake ETHFI for sETHFI, or use Cash to spend a balance or borrow against...
Grass connects people who share unused internet bandwidth with businesses that need public web data. The app relays requests through participants’ connections; the network processe...
Lighter is an order book trading platform whose operations are verified on Ethereum. Users trade spot and perpetual markets, allocate capital to pools and stake LIT for LLP access,...
Ethena issues USDe, a digital dollar backed by crypto and other reserve assets. Part of the system’s income goes to the sUSDe vault. ENA provides a role in governance; you can stak...
Venice is a platform for chatting with AI models and creating images, video and audio. You can use its app, API and connected tools. VVV, its token on Base, provides staking reward...
- Proof generation
Succinct builds ZK proving tools and a proof marketplace. SP1 proves program execution; the Prover Network connects requesters with hardware operators. Protocol contracts settle on...
Kalshi is a trading platform for contracts tied to real-world outcomes. Participants trade Yes and No positions through an order book. Each market specifies the event, result sourc...
Aave is a lending protocol: suppliers deposit assets and borrowers obtain liquidity against collateral. The protocol version, network and market determine position terms. V3 uses s...
Meteora provides liquidity for swaps and token launches on Solana. DLMM distributes assets across price bins, DAMM v2 represents positions with NFTs, and DBC runs initial curve tra...
Uniswap swaps assets through liquidity pools. A trader receives another token; a liquidity provider creates a pool position and earns trading fees under its terms. Version v4 can a...
Morpho combines lending markets with vaults that follow a selected strategy. On Blue, borrowers supply collateral to borrow another asset; lenders supply directly to a market or th...
Pons is a token launch and trading platform on Robinhood Chain. V2 launches trade on a curve before graduating into a Uniswap v4 pool. Creators choose the pairing asset and fee rec...
Flap is a token launch platform on EVM networks. Creators can launch a standard token or configure taxes on buys and sells. Proceeds go to a designated recipient, a distribution pr...
Bankr is an agent platform with a wallet, memory, files and tools for executing financial actions. Web, X, Telegram, CLI and API use the same account state. A token launch can send...
Virtuals provides tools for agents to hold funds, offer services, hire other agents and launch tokens. EconomyOS supplies identity, wallets and compute access. Current ACP jobs agr...
Pump.fun creates new coins and opens their markets. A reserve-based curve sets the initial price; the coin later moves into a PumpSwap pool. At launch, the creator chooses the pair...
Polymarket trades positions on event outcomes. In a binary market, Yes represents the condition occurring and No represents it not occurring. A position can be sold before resoluti...
Jupiter is an application platform on Solana for swaps, lending, perpetual futures and prediction markets. SOL pays for standard network transactions, JUP participates in governanc...
IdentityMD brings together agents that write and test code, build websites and find answers for applications. Customers pay with IMD; operators run agents on their own computers or...
Fomo (fomo.family) is a mobile and web app for trading crypto with a social layer, built by FOMO Labs, Inc. in New York. It is not a blockchain: it has no chain ID, gas or mainnet...